A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan masarufi na aure akan kasuwa, galibi silicone da samfuran safarar polyurthane.Nau'o'i daban-daban na na'urorin roba suna da bambance-bambance a cikin ƙungiyoyin ayyukansu masu aiki da kuma warkewar sigar sarƙoƙi.A sakamakon haka, akwai iyakoki fiye ko žasa a cikin sassa da filayen da suka dace.Anan, muna gabatar da hanyoyin warkarwa na nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan roba na roba na gama gari tare da kwatanta fa'idodi da rashin amfani na nau'ikan nau'ikan roba daban-daban, don zurfafa fahimtarmu da yin zaɓin da suka dace a aikace-aikace masu amfani.
1. gama-gari guda ɗaya-bangare reactive na roba sealant curing inji
Common daya-bangare reactive roba sealants yafi hada da: silicone (SR), polyurethane (PU), silyl-terminated modified polyurethane (SPU), silyl-terminated polyether (MS), The prepolymer yana da daban-daban aiki kungiyoyin da daban-daban curing dauki hanyoyin.
1.1Hanyar warkewa na silicone elastomer sealant
Hoto 1. Tsarin warkarwa na silicone sealant
Lokacin da aka yi amfani da siliki na siliki, prepolymer yana amsawa tare da adadin danshi a cikin iska sannan ya ƙarfafa ko vulcanizes ƙarƙashin aikin mai kara kuzari.Abubuwan da aka samu sune ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta.Ana nuna tsarin a cikin Hoto 1. Dangane da ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban da aka saki yayin warkewa, silicone sealant kuma ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'in deacidification, nau'in deketoxime, da nau'in dealcoholization.An taƙaita fa'idodi da rashin amfanin waɗannan nau'ikan mannen silicone a cikin Tebu 1.
Table 1.Comparison na abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani da dama iri silicone adhesives
1.2 Curing inji na polyurethane roba sealant
Abu guda ɗaya na polyurethane sealant (PU) wani nau'in polymer ne mai ɗauke da maimaita sassan urethane (-NHCOO-) a cikin babban sarkar kwayoyin halitta.Hanyar warkarwa ita ce isocyanate yana amsawa da ruwa don samar da carbamate na tsaka-tsakin mara tsayayye, wanda daga nan ya rushe da sauri don samar da CO2 da amine, sannan amine ya amsa da wuce haddi na isocyanate a cikin tsarin, kuma a ƙarshe ya samar da elastomer tare da tsarin hanyar sadarwa.Tsarin maganinsa shine kamar haka:
Hoto 1.Curing dauki inji na polyurethane sealant
1.3 Tsarin warkewa na silane-gyara polyurethane sealant
Hoto 3. Maganin amsawa na silane-gyara polyurethane sealant
Dangane da wasu gazawar polyurethane sealants, polyurethane kwanan nan an canza shi ta hanyar silane don shirya adhesives, samar da sabon nau'in mannewa mai rufewa tare da babban sarkar tsarin polyurethane da ƙungiyar ƙarshen alkoxysilane, wanda ake kira silane-modified polyurethane sealant (SPU).Maganin warkarwa na irin wannan nau'in sealant yana kama da na silicone, wato, ƙungiyoyin alkoxy suna amsawa tare da danshi don yin hydrolysis da polycondensation don samar da ingantaccen tsarin cibiyar sadarwa na Si-O-Si uku (Figure 3).Mahimman hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo na cibiyar sadarwa da kuma tsakanin wuraren haɗin gwiwar su ne polyurethane sassauƙan sassa na sassa.
1.4 Na'urar warkewa na silyl- ƙarewar polyether sealants
silyl-terminated polyether sealant (MS) wani abu ne na roba na roba wanda ya dogara da gyaran silane.Ya haɗu da fa'idodin duka polyurethane da silicone, sabon ƙarni ne na samfuran mannewa, wanda ba shi da PVC, mai silicone, isocyanate da sauran ƙarfi.MS m yana amsawa tare da danshi a cikin iska a cikin zafin jiki, don haka silanized polymer tare da -Si (OR) KO -SIR (OR) - tsarin yana hydrolyzed a ƙarshen sarkar kuma an haɗe shi zuwa wani elastomer tare da Si-O- Si tsarin cibiyar sadarwa don cimma tasirin hatimi da haɗin kai.Tsarin maganin warkewa shine kamar haka:
Hoto 4. Tsarin magani na silyl-terminated polyether sealant
2. Kwatanta fa'idodi da rashin amfani na gama gari guda ɗaya mai amsawa na roba sealants.
2.1 Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na silicone sealants
Amfanin Silicone Sealant:
① Kyakkyawan juriya na yanayi, juriya na oxygen, juriya na lemun tsami da juriya na ultraviolet;② Kyakkyawan sassaucin ƙarancin zafin jiki.
⑵ Rashin amfani da silinda mai siliki:
①Batun sake yin ado kuma ba za a iya fenti ba;②Ƙarfin hawaye;③Rashin juriyar mai;④Ba mai jurewa huda;⑤Maɗaukakin manne a sauƙaƙe yana samar da leach mai mai wanda ke lalata siminti, dutse da sauran abubuwan da ba su da kyau.
2.2 Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na Polyurethane Sealants
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na polyurethane sealant:
① Kyakkyawan mannewa ga nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan;② Kyakkyawan sassaucin ƙananan zafin jiki;③ Kyakkyawan elasticity da kyawawan kayan dawowa, dace da haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi;④ Babban ƙarfin injiniya, kyakkyawan juriya na lalacewa, juriya na mai da juriya na tsufa na Halittu;⑤ Yawancin nau'ikan danshi-mai maganin polyurethane sealants ba su da ƙarfi kuma ba su da gurɓata ƙasa da muhalli;⑥ Za a iya fentin fuskar bangon bango da sauƙi don amfani.
⑵ Rashin lahani na polyurethane sealant:
① Lokacin da ake warkewa a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi da zafi mai zafi a cikin sauri da sauri, ana iya samar da kumfa mai sauƙi, wanda ke rinjayar aikin sealant;② Lokacin haɗawa da rufe abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi (kamar gilashi, ƙarfe, da sauransu), ana buƙatar gabaɗaya;③ Shallow Tsarin launi yana da sauƙi ga tsufa na UV, kuma kwanciyar hankali na manne yana tasiri sosai ta hanyar marufi da yanayin waje;④ Ƙunƙarar zafi da juriya na tsufa ba su da isasshen isa.
2.3 Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na silane-gyara polyurethane sealants
Abvantbuwan amfãni na silane modified polyurethane sealant:
① Warkewa baya haifar da kumfa;② Yana da kyakkyawan sassauci, juriya na hydrolysis da kwanciyar hankali juriya;③ Kyakkyawan juriya na yanayi, juriya na zafi, juriya na tsufa, kwanciyar hankali na ajiyar samfur;④ Faɗin daidaitawa ga maɓalli, lokacin haɗin gwiwa Gabaɗaya, ba a buƙatar firamare;⑤Ana iya fentin saman.
⑵ Rashin lahani na silane modified polyurethane sealant:
① Juriyar UV ba ta da kyau kamar na silicone sealant;② Tsayar da hawaye ya ɗan yi muni fiye da na polyurethane sealant.
2.4 Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na silyl- ƙarewar polyether sealants
Amfanin silyl-terminated polyether sealant:
① Yana da kyawawan kaddarorin haɗin kai zuwa mafi yawan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa kuma yana iya cimma haɗin kai ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba;② Yana da mafi kyawun juriya na zafi da juriya na tsufa na UV fiye da polyurethane na yau da kullun;③ Ana iya fenti a saman sa.
⑵ Rashin lahani na silyl-terminated polyether sealant:
① Yanayin juriya ba shi da kyau kamar na silicone silicone, kuma fashe suna bayyana a saman bayan tsufa;② Adhesion zuwa gilashin ba shi da kyau.
Ta hanyar gabatarwar da ke sama, muna da fahimtar da na farko game da hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da shi na nau'ikan kayan masarufi guda ɗaya, da kuma ta hanyar kwatanta ayyukansu na gaba ɗaya na kowane abu.A cikin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen, ana iya zaɓar abin rufewa bisa ga ainihin yanayin aikace-aikacen ɓangaren haɗin gwiwa don cimma kyakkyawan hatimi ko haɗin ɓangaren aikace-aikacen.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-15-2023