A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan sealants masu amsawa da sassa ɗaya a kasuwa, galibi samfuran silicone da polyurethane. Nau'ikan sealants masu daidaitawa da sassa daban-daban suna da bambance-bambance a cikin ƙungiyoyin aiki masu aiki da kuma manyan tsare-tsaren sarkar da aka gyara. Sakamakon haka, akwai iyakoki da yawa a cikin sassan da filayen da suka dace. A nan, mun gabatar da hanyoyin warkarwa na sealants masu amsawa da sassa ɗaya a cikin sassa daban-daban kuma mun kwatanta fa'idodi da rashin amfanin nau'ikan sealants masu daidaitawa da sassa daban-daban, don zurfafa fahimtarmu da yin zaɓuɓɓuka masu dacewa a aikace-aikace.
1. Tsarin maganin rufewa mai sassa ɗaya na yau da kullun
Manyan abubuwan rufewa na roba masu amsawa da sashi ɗaya sun haɗa da: silicone (SR), polyurethane (PU), polyurethane da aka gyara da silily (SPU), polyether da silily ya ƙare (MS), prepolymer ɗin yana da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na aiki da hanyoyin magancewa daban-daban.
1.1Tsarin warkarwa na silicone elastomer sealant
Hoto na 1. Tsarin warkar da manne na silicone
Idan aka yi amfani da silicone sealants, prepolymer yana amsawa da ɗanɗanon da ke cikin iska sannan ya taurare ko ya yi ɓarna a ƙarƙashin aikin mai kara kuzari. Abubuwan da suka rage ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta ne. An nuna tsarin a cikin Hoto na 1. Dangane da ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban da aka saki yayin warkarwa, ana iya raba silicone sealant zuwa nau'in deacidification, nau'in deketoxime, da nau'in dealcoholization. Fa'idodi da rashin amfanin waɗannan nau'ikan manne silicone an taƙaita su a cikin Tebur 1.
Tebur 1. Kwatanta fa'idodi da rashin amfanin nau'ikan manne-manne na silicone da dama
1.2 Tsarin warkarwa na manne mai roba na polyurethane
Ruwan polyurethane mai sashi ɗaya (PU) wani nau'in polymer ne wanda ke ɗauke da sassan urethane masu maimaitawa (-NHCOO-) a cikin babban sarkar kwayar halittar. Tsarin warkarwa shine isocyanate yana amsawa da ruwa don samar da wani abu mai tsaka-tsaki mara ƙarfi, wanda daga nan zai ruɓe cikin sauri don samar da CO2 da amine, sannan amine ɗin ya amsa da yawan isocyanate a cikin tsarin, kuma a ƙarshe ya samar da elastomer tare da tsarin hanyar sadarwa. Tsarin amsawar warkarwa nasa kamar haka:
Hoto na 1. Tsarin maganin warkar da mannewar polyurethane
1.3 Tsarin warkarwa na manne polyurethane da aka gyara da silane
Hoto na 3. Tsarin maganin warkar da sinadarin polyurethane da aka gyara da silane
Ganin wasu kurakuran da ke tattare da polyurethane sealants, kwanan nan an gyara polyurethane ta hanyar silane don shirya manne, wanda ke samar da sabon nau'in manne mai rufewa tare da babban sarkar tsarin polyurethane da ƙungiyar ƙarshen alkoxysilane, wanda ake kira silane-modified polyurethane sealant (SPU). Maganin warkarwa na wannan nau'in manne yana kama da na silicone, wato, ƙungiyoyin alkoxy suna amsawa da danshi don yin hydrolysis da polycondensation don samar da tsarin hanyar sadarwa mai girma uku na Si-O-Si mai ƙarfi (Hoto na 3). Mahimman wuraren haɗin hanyar sadarwa da tsakanin wuraren haɗin gwiwa sune tsarin sassan polyurethane masu sassauƙa.
1.4 Tsarin warkarwa na manne polyether da aka ƙare da silil
Silinda mai rufewa ta silyl (MS) wani manne ne mai roba guda ɗaya wanda aka gina bisa ga gyaran silane. Yana haɗa fa'idodin polyurethane da silicone, sabon ƙarni ne na samfuran manne mai rufewa, ba tare da PVC, man silicone, isocyanate da mai narkewa ba. Manne na MS yana amsawa da danshi a cikin iska a zafin ɗaki, don haka polymer ɗin da aka haɗa da silanized tare da tsarin -Si(OR) OR -SIR (OR)- za a haɗa shi a ƙarshen sarkar kuma a haɗa shi zuwa elastomer tare da tsarin hanyar sadarwa na Si-O-Si don cimma tasirin rufewa da haɗin gwiwa. Tsarin amsawar warkarwa kamar haka:
Hoto na 4. Tsarin maganin rufewa na polyether da aka ƙare da silil
2. Kwatanta fa'idodi da rashin amfanin manne mai sassa ɗaya da aka saba amfani da shi
2.1 Amfani da rashin amfani da manne-manne na silicone
⑴Amfanin silicone sealant:
① Kyakkyawan juriya ga yanayi, juriya ga iskar oxygen, juriya ga ozone da juriya ga ultraviolet; ② Kyakkyawan sassaucin yanayin zafi mai sauƙi.
⑵Rashin kyawun silicone sealant:
①Rashin kyawun sake yin ado kuma ba za a iya fenti ba; ②Ƙarancin ƙarfin tsagewa; ③Rashin isasshen juriya ga mai; ④Ba ya jure hudawa; ⑤Layin mannewa cikin sauƙi yana samar da mai mai da ke gurɓata siminti, dutse da sauran abubuwan da aka yi datti.
2.2 Amfani da Rashin Amfanin Rufe ...
⑴Amfanin manne polyurethane:
① Mannewa mai kyau ga nau'ikan substrates daban-daban; ② Kyakkyawan sassaucin yanayin zafi mai sauƙi; ③ Kyakkyawan sassauci da kyawawan halaye na murmurewa, wanda ya dace da haɗin gwiwa masu ƙarfi; ④ Babban ƙarfin injiniya, juriyar lalacewa mai kyau, juriyar mai da juriyar tsufa na halitta; ⑤ Yawancin manne polyurethane masu warkar da danshi ba su da sinadarai kuma ba su da gurɓatawa ga substrate da muhalli; ⑥ Ana iya fenti saman manne kuma yana da sauƙin amfani.
⑵Rashin kyawun mannewar polyurethane:
① Lokacin da aka wargaza a cikin yanayi mai zafi da zafi mai yawa a cikin sauri mai sauri, ana samun kumfa cikin sauƙi, wanda ke shafar aikin mai rufewa; ② Lokacin haɗawa da rufe sassan abubuwan da ba su da ramuka (kamar gilashi, ƙarfe, da sauransu), gabaɗaya ana buƙatar firam; ③ Ba shi da zurfi Tsarin launi yana da sauƙin kamuwa da tsufan UV, kuma kwanciyar hankali na manne yana shafar marufi da yanayin waje; ④ Juriyar zafi da juriyar tsufa ba su da yawa.
2.3 Amfani da rashin amfani na manne-manne na polyurethane da aka gyara da silane
⑴Amfanin manne polyurethane da aka gyara da silane:
① Warkewa baya samar da kumfa; ② Yana da sassauci mai kyau, juriya ga hydrolysis da kwanciyar hankali na juriyar sinadarai; ③ Kyakkyawan juriya ga yanayi, juriya ga zafi, juriya ga tsufa, kwanciyar hankali na ajiyar samfura; ④ Yana da sauƙin daidaitawa ga substrates, lokacin da aka haɗa Gabaɗaya, ba a buƙatar firam; ⑤Ana iya fentin saman.
⑵Rashin kyawun silinda mai gyaran polyurethane:
① Juriyar UV ba ta yi kyau kamar ta silicone ba; ② Juriyar tsagewa ta ɗan fi ta polyurethane muni.
2.4 Fa'idodi da rashin amfanin manne-manne na polyether da aka ƙare da silil
⑴Amfanin manne polyether da aka ƙare da silil:
① Yana da kyawawan halaye na haɗawa ga yawancin substrates kuma yana iya samun haɗin kunnawa ba tare da farar fata ba; ② Yana da juriyar zafi da tsufa ta UV fiye da polyurethane na yau da kullun; ③ Ana iya fentin shi a saman sa.
1. Rashin amfani da polyether mai rufewa da silil:
① Juriyar yanayi ba ta yi kyau kamar ta silicone silicone ba, kuma tsagewa suna bayyana a saman bayan tsufa; ② Mannewa da gilashi ba shi da kyau.
Ta hanyar gabatarwar da ke sama, mun fahimci hanyoyin magance nau'ikan sealants masu amsawa da juna guda ɗaya da aka saba amfani da su, kuma ta hanyar kwatanta fa'idodi da rashin amfanin su, za mu iya cimma fahimtar kowane samfuri gaba ɗaya. A aikace-aikace na zahiri, ana iya zaɓar sealant bisa ga ainihin yanayin aikace-aikacen ɓangaren haɗawa don cimma kyakkyawan hatimi ko haɗin ɓangaren aikace-aikacen.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-15-2023